The Collision Theory Essay Example

The Collision Theory Paper To help me explain the collision I am going to use information from Chemistry Made Clear by Gallagher and Ingram.In order for a reaction to occur the particles must meet and the collision must occur with enough energy. In the reaction I am investigating, the making of magnesium sulphate, the magnesium atoms and hydrogen ions must collide with enough energy to successfully react.Below are some diagrams to help show this:The word equation for this reaction is below:The symbol equation for this is below:If there are many successful collisions i.e. the reaction goes quickly then a lot of hydrogen will be produced i.e. the rate of reaction is fast.However if there isnt enough energy to carry out the reaction then the hydrogen ion will bounce off and nothing will happen.Acid TheoryWhen an acid dissolves in water the acid molecule splits up and hydrogen ions and anions are formed. Their quantity is different depending on the acid. If all the molecules of the acid split up completely then th e acid will have a very acidic pH number. We know all acids contain hydrogen, but strong acids have a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) per dm3.H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-Due to the fact the hydrogen ions are in a solution then, as the particulate theory matter tells us, the ions will be moving randomly throughout the solution. Some will hit the metal. If the ions that hit the metal have enough energy then a chemical reaction will occur and the metal will lose electrons which become metal cations. These bond with the hydrogen ions and become hydrogen atoms. These atoms bond in pair to form molecules which effervesce and escape as gas.Rates of ReactionThere are three factors that influence the speed of which magnesium reacts with sulphuric acid.I will look at each of these in detail.* The concentration of sulphuric acid.If the concentration of sulphuric acid is increased then the speed of the reaction will be increased. This is because with an increase in concentration then there will b e more hydrogen ions present. If there are more hydrogen ions then therefore the chances of a collision will be increased, and therefore the reaction will be faster.* The surface area of the magnesium.If a large block of magnesium is reacted with sulphuric acid then only a small amount of magnesium is actually exposed to the hydrogen ions. If the block of magnesium is broken up into small pieces then a larger area will be exposed. This increases the chances of collisions, and the more collisions they is the faster the rate of reaction.* The temperature of sulphuric acid.As mentioned earlier, particles need enough energy in the collision to react. This energy, also know as activation energy can be increased by increasing the temperature. So if the temperature of sulphuric acid is increased, then any collisions that occur will have the activation energy. This means the reaction will be faster.Now for this course work I am required to investigate just one of these factors. I can forget about investigating the temperature of the sulphuric acid as to investigate it in detail may be a safety issue as heating an acid is unwise. It would also be difficult to investigate the surface area of magnesium as to do so I would need five different forms of magnesium and my school only stocks three of these.So the easiest factor for me to investigate would be changing the concentration of sulphuric acid. This is quite easy as the actual experiment is quite straightforward and I can make my own dilutions of sulphuric acid.VariablesThe independent variable is what I am going to investigate; I will do so by changing the concentration of the acid.The dependant variable is what I will be measuring, that is the time taken for all the magnesium to dissolve.The controlled variables is what are going to stay the same to keep the investigation fair; i.e. the temperature of the acid, the temperature of the water, the total volume of acid solution, constant swirling and the size of the mag nesium ribbon.PredictionMy hypothesis is that the higher the concentration of sulphuric acid the faster the rate of reaction with the magnesium ribbon.I have predicted this because:All acids contain hydrogen, and hydrogen dissociates when it dissolves in water to produce ions. Sulphuric acid is one of the acids that dissociates completely to form a strong acid. Sulphuric acid will be very acidic on the pH scale and have a high concentration of hydrogen atoms as all its molecules will dissociate.Its word equation is:H2SO4 (aq) 2H+ (aq) + SO42-(aq)As long as there is enough activation energy then a chemical reaction will take place between magnesium and sulphuric acid and magnesium sulphate and hydrogen will be produced.The more successful collisions there are, the faster the rate of reaction.So if the concentration of sulphuric acid is increased and as long as there is enough activation energy then the rate of reaction will be faster.Apparatus:2 burette holders2 retort stands2 waste beakers1 stop clock1 30cm ruler1 pair scissors1 small plastic filter funnel1 piece sand paper1 pair safety goggles1 white tileChemicalsSulphuric acid 100g/dm310cm length magnesium ribbonWash bottle of distilled waterMethod- Firstly I shall sand the piece of magnesium down to remove the oxide,- Then I shall accurately divide my piece of magnesium into 10 1cm strips using scissors and a ruler.- I shall then zero two burettes, one with water and the other with sulphuric acid.- I shall then accurately add 25cm3 of sulphuric acid into my conical flask.- To this I shall add a single 1cm strip of magnesium starting the stop clock as soon as it enters the flask.- I shall listen and watch until the magnesium completely disappears then I shall stop the clock and record the time.- I shall then repeat this using the same volume of sulphuric acid making sure to zero the burettes.- I will then repeat the above from the third point until now using the values in my table.- By dividing the two times I recorded for a piece of magnesium to dissolve by two I can find out the average time taken for each different concentration.- By inverting my times as fractions (i.e. a time of 20 second which is 20 will become 11 20)I can find out a decimal number which represents Rate ofReactions-1.SafetyDuring this experiment I shall wear safety goggles as Sulphuric acid is corrosive and can burn skin, and, as some may be taken up with the hydrogen ions as they escape as a gas (i.e. acid spray) it is only sensible to wear safety goggles.Strategy for dealing with resultsI shall display my results in a table like the one below:Volume of Sulphuric Acidcm3Volume of Water cm3Concentration of Sulphuric acid g per dm3Time1sTime2sAverage Times(Rounded)Rate of Reaction s-1Rate of Reaction x 1000s-125025100=1002517.2814.54161 =0.06251662.523223100=922518.7817.78181 =0.05551855.518718100=722529.6928.84291 =0.034482934.4816916100=642540.8439.90401 =0.0254025101510100=40251121131131 =0.0088491138.85I will graphically demonstrate these results in a graph which I believe will look similar (if the times have been recorded accurately) to the one below:I have predicted the positive correlation in the graph above as I believe that the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration. I believe that as the concentration of acid doubles the rate should also roughly double. I believe this as when the concentration doubles there are double the number of hydrogen ions present, so there are double the number of ions to collide with. This would mean the reaction should occur in half the time, so the rate at which the reaction took place doubles.I will make sure that the results I take are as accurate as they can be by using burettes instead of measuring cylinders as they are more accurate and have a control on how much liquid is poured.I will make sure I read the meniscus at eye level as to make my reading more accurate. I will also use a white tile and put it behind the meniscus to help me see it clearer.I will sand the magnesium as this will remove the oxide layer which forms and help the reaction to run smoother.I will make sure to start the stop clock at the exact moment the magnesium drops into the sulphuric acid as the reaction will tart then. As well as this I will stop the clock as soon as the magnesium has completely dissolved as this is when the reaction is over.Each different concentration shall have results taken twice to not only find an average time but to see if there has been an error. If an error has occurred I shall repeat the experiment a third time to find out which of my two previous times is incorrect.Also I shall have to make sure the controlled variables I mentioned earlier are kept the same throughout, i.e.The temperature of both liquid shall have to be kept the same, as will the total volume of the acid solution. I will have to make sure that all the pieces of magnesium ribbon are as close to one centimetre as I can possibly make them . The hardest variable I will have to keep the same shall be the constant swirling as it will be hard to keep it the same speed as the time before. All of the above have to be followed to make this experiment a fair test.Obtaining EvidenceMy Table of ResultsVolume of Sulphuric Acidcm3Volume of Water cm3Concentration of Sulphuric acid g per dm3Time1sTime2sAverage Times(Rounded)Rate of Reaction s-1Rate of Reaction x 1000s-125025100=1002517.2814.54161 =0.06251662.523223100=922518.7817.78181 =0.05551855.518718100=722529.6928.84291 =0.034482934.4816916100=642540.8439.90401 =0.0254025101510100=40251121131131 =0.0088491138.85The above is my filled in table of results. All the times are my original times and as they seem quite consistent I felt no need to have to repeat an experiment.I calculated the concentration by using the following calculation:Volume of sulphuric acid x100=ConcentrationVolume of water and acid i.e. 25I calculated average time by using the following formula:Time1 + Time 2 = Average Time2I calculated Rate of Reaction by inverting the Average Time in Fraction and then I calculated its value as a decimal.As you can see from my graph they appear to be quite accurate, but I shall go into more detail in the interpreting section.InterpretingI have drawn a graph to show the rate of reaction against the concentration of the solution. This graph is at the end of the interpreting section.From the table you can see quite clearly that as the concentration of the solution decreases, the time take for the reaction to take place increases. This is what I predicted in my hypothesis.ConclusionI conclude that the rate of this reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the acid which can be seen clearly from my graph. At a concentration of 40% the rate of reaction was 8.85s-1. The rate then quite steadily increased until, at a concentration of 100% the rate of reaction was 62.5s-1. These results strongly backup my conclusion. So, to increase the rate of reaction, the concentration of acid must be increased.My original prediction was:The higher the concentration of sulphuric acid the faster the rate of reaction with the magnesium ribbon.And I believed, if I drew a graph, it would look like this:I can now say that my original prediction was correct and my actual graph strongly matches the graph I made to show how I believe my results would look, i.e. there would be a strong trend showing that the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution used.Scientific KnowledgeMagnesium is high up the reactivity series (a list showing how reactive the elements are) and as it is higher up than Hydrogen it means magnesium is more reactive and can displace hydrogen in order to gain stability (a full outer shell of electrons). By placing a piece of magnesium in a aqueous solution of sulphuric acid, the magnesium displaces the hydrogen, which escapes as a gas .Meanwhile, the magnesium is forming into magnesium catio ns which bond with the sulphuric anions and together they form a salt. The hydrogen ions, move randomly throughout the solution, some of which, if there is enough energy collide and successfully react with the magnesium.When the magnesium atoms loose atoms they become cations.This is known as an oxidation reaction as hydrogen ions take the place of the displaced electrons and join together to form molecules.As electrons are gained the below is a reduction reaction. The hydrogen molecules can escape as a gas which can be viewed and heard escaping from the solution.The full equation of the experiment isThis experiment is an example of a redox reaction, due to the fact oxidation and reduction both taking place.The magnesium is the reducing agent as it gives away its electrons quite easily.The hydrogen ions are the oxidising agents in this experiment as they remove the electrons. Should the number of hydrogen ions increase, then more electrons can be removed and the reaction can occur f aster. This can be observed when I used a 100% concentration of sulphuric acid, as there were a large number of hydrogen ions which increased the number of collisions with magnesium where electrons were lost, which increased the rate of reaction.So, to conclude my experiment:If the concentration of the solution is increased, and there is more sulphuric acid present then the rate of reaction with the piece of magnesium is increased.EvaluatingMy resultsOn my graph there is on point that is clearly off the line and two that are just barely on it. The one point that was off was my measurement for the rate of reaction taken for the solution with the concentration of 40gmd-3. It is this point however that I believe is anomalous, as the others are just on the line of best fit.The point recorded for a concentration of 40gmd-3 has a rate of reaction faster than the expected trend. There are several reasons for this. The first is that possible I made a mistake in the measuring and added too m uch acid to the solution which would have given me a result that was too fast. There is also the chance I swirled the solution faster than I had with the other volumes, which would also explain a result off the trend line. Also there is the possibility too little magnesium was added; either I sanded the strip too much, and removed magnesium as well as the oxide layer, or I cut this particular piece too small, but either way it would explain a fast rate of reaction, or through no fault of my own this piece of magnesium was thinner than the rest, i.e. a fault of the supplier.The last possibilities I can think of lie with the stop clock; either I stopped the stop clock too soon as perhaps the effervescence had dropped in noise level and the reaction was continuing when I thought it was over, or I started the experiment too late, while I attempted to drop the magnesium in, start swirling and start the clock all at once.I will now evaluate the two points that are just on the line. To me they are not anomalous, but they do stand out so I will evaluate what could have gone wrong. For the point with a concentration of 92gmd-3 the above possibilities that I have for the point at concentration at 40gmd-3 apply.However for the point at a concentration of 64gmd-3 there must be other reasons as it has a rate of reaction lower than the expected trend. It is possible that I didnt swirl the solution as fast as I had done for the other concentrations. Also it is possible I made a mistake in the measuring of the magnesium and added a piece that was too big which would have meant the reaction would have gone on for longer. Its also possible that I may have made a mistake in the volume of acid and added too little or I could have added too much water. Both of which could have given to a slower rate of reaction than expected. Then there is also the possibility that I may have not sanded the magnesium enough which could have left some of the oxide layer on, which would have slowed my reaction down. Finally it is possible that I stopped the clock too late.Analysis of ApparatusMeasuring ApparatusBurettes I still think using the Burettes were a good choice as I could very accurately control the amount of acid and water I was adding.Ruler- I felt this was a good choice as it enabled me to accurately measure out a 1cm strip of magnesium. However in combination with the scissors it was quite difficult to mark the length I needed to cut on the magnesium.Stop Clock- The stop clock I felt was awkward, as I felt an extra pair of hands were needed to start the clock while I put the magnesium into the conical flask and began swirling. Unfortunately I cannot think of another piece of apparatus I could have used in its place, so it was and is still the best choice open to me.Other ApparatusConical Flask- I feel a wider necked conical flask may have been better, as the piece of magnesium had a tendency to get stuck in the neck of the conical flask.Scissors- I dont really f ell these were adequate in conjunction with a ruler to measure the strips of magnesium off with as I had to scratch the 1cm lengths on the piece of magnesium with these and then remove the ruler to cut the magnesium.What would I do differently?If I had to repeat this experiment there are several things I would do differently.First of all I would use a magnetic stirring device instead of swirling the solution by hand which would remove the possibility of error.Second of all, in conjunction with the magnetic stirrer I would use a beaker as there would be no need to worry about the acid spilling over the side with the magnetic stirrer. This would also mean the piece of magnesium couldnt get stuck as the beaker has a very wide neck.Finally, I would have used some fresh, powered magnesium. This would mean there would be no oxide layer to worry about. Also I would by able to measure it accurately with a scale which could eliminate error that I could have got from having to use a ruler and scissors.Advice to the Medicine CompanyI would advise the company to conduct some large scale tests to find which concentration of sulphuric acid would be safe, as to speed up their reactions I am sure they would use other factors which would increase the rate of reaction; which with a high concentration of acid could cause an unstable reaction.An idea for the distribution of magnesium sulphate would be in the form of wipes which are easy to transport. The magnesium sulphate could be soaked into the wipes which would also prevent any magnesium sulphate being lost in the process because if any remained, it would be absorbed when more material is added.

Dilution Calculations From Stock Solutions in Chemistry

Dilution Calculations From Stock Solutions in Chemistry If youre working in a chemistry lab, its essential to know how to calculate a dilution. Review Dilution, Concentration, and Stock Solutions A dilution is a solution made by adding more solvent to a more concentrated solution (stock solution), which reduces the concentration of the solute. An example of a dilute solution is tap water, which is mostly water (solvent), with a small amount of dissolved minerals and gasses (solutes). An example of a concentrated solution is 98% sulfuric acid (~18 M). The primary reason you start with a concentrated solution and then dilute it to make a dilution is that its very difficult (sometimes impossible) to accurately measure solute to prepare a dilute solution, so there would be a large degree of error in the concentration value. You use the law of conservation of mass to perform the calculation for the dilution: MdilutionVdilution MstockVstock Dilution Example As an example, say you need to prepare 50 ml of a 1.0 M solution from a 2.0 M stock solution. Your first step is to calculate the volume of stock solution that is required. MdilutionVdilution MstockVstock(1.0 M)(50 ml) (2.0 M)(x ml)x [(1.0 M)(50 ml)]/2.0 Mx 25 ml of stock solution So to make your solution, you pour 25 ml of stock solution into a 50 ml volumetric flask. Dilute with solvent to the 50 ml line. Avoid This Common Dilution Mistake Its a common mistake to add too much solvent when making the dilution. Make sure you pour the concentrated solution into the flask and then dilute it to the volume mark. Do not, for example, mix 250 ml of concentrated solution with 1 L of solvent to make a 1-liter solution!

Manager Interviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Manager Interviews - Essay Example One of the most common procedures made use of to date includes the qualitative research methods, the quantitative research method, and the mixed research methods (McBride, 2005). Brilliantine, is amongst the firms under study, and poses as a firm, working with the reception of three main categories of calls from its clients. After conclusively interviewing not only the firms’ manager, Mrs. Sutton Banks, but also other executives of the firm, it was clear that the services rendered include, emergency calls, which would lie considered as the most vital of all the firms operations, as they result to having the firms’ agents being on the phone, for an average time of thirty minutes. This however goes further to lie spread over to a greater number of calls, whereby the customer, the client’s family, or even the neighbors are at times involved in the entire calling procedure. Technical enquiries, as well as reassurance calls, are also part of the buildup that the firm consists and works with (Esty, 2006). On the other hand, I learnt from my research that, a spa managers’ job is one of the most demanding positions that one could take up today. The flourishing spa industry gives one the opportunity to engage in procedures that bring with them rewards, excitement and, most importantly, great hope and exemplary results. However, with all this comes the other side of spas that many people may tend to know very little about. From my interview with the manager of one popular spa around that I visited, I learnt that despite holding this somewhat desired position, a lot comes with bearing that role. It is evident that with that very demanding position as a spa manager, the predicament of need for more support in terms of moral support and guidance, as well as training of staff is a major setback if lacked. In addition, it is also a very necessary factor, if the spa is to perform in accordance to the set standards (Plunkett, 2012). Technology in bus iness is essential because without it issues such as globalization, efficient communication with customers, security, as well as efficiency of operations would not lie realized. Annual tradeshows offering vendor support to dealers and cruise incentive trip for top performing dealers have also remained carried out in a bid to improve its dealer’s relations (Esty, 2006). Moreover, I learnt that, like any other management position, to be a successful spa manager, one tends to develop more in terms of success of the spa, too, with more relevant education and experience that tends to address not only their life skills but business skills as well. A well-established spa, such as the one covered in my research, incorporates various functions that may not necessarily be independent (McBride, 2005). Among various departments that should lie considered equally important is the finance department. This what, at the end of the day, the manager, and the managerial crew count on to reveal any income or possible loss where it applies. Just to mention a few roles of this department, it interprets all the financial reports and provides expertise on matters concerned with the overall revenue against the expenses incurred. This department is also mainly concerned with administration of staff and scheduling of clients to ensure maximum revenue generation and profitability as well (Plunkett, 2012). Thorough research entails a careful search of a subject matter in order to

Microeconomics College Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Microeconomics College - Research Paper Example b. level of unemployment: the level of unemployment is the number of workers minus the equilibrium employed workers, this will be (12,000 - 7,000)/ 12,000 * 100 = 41.67% c. minimum wage is set at 11 per hour, Waiters will work for 6000 hours per month d. minimum wage set at 11 per hour Unemployment: (12,000 - 6000)/ 6000 * 100 = 50% e. minimum wage at 12 per hour: Unemployment: (12,000 - 8000)/12,000 * 100 = 33.33% Employment: (6000/10000)*100 = 60% f. minimum wage is set at 12 per hour and demand decreased by 2,000 Wage rate to waiters: The minimum wage will be 12 per hour, however the new equilibrium will be be at 11 dollars per hour. Hours of labor unemployed: The employment will be 6000; therefore the unemployment is 6000 hours. CT 1(text, p151) Effect of education on files downloaded each week. The film industry is concerned with the effect of adoption of broadband internet that allow users to download pirated movies, the option is to reduce the number of pirated movies downloaded per week through education, therefore education is expected to reduce the number of pirated movies downloaded per week. CT 2 (text, p151) Imposing tax on downloaded movies: From the above chart it is evident that the a tax will increase the price of illegal downloads, the supply curve shifts from supply curve 1 to supply curve 2, as a result the equilibrium quantity will decline from Q1 to Q2. Chapter 9: P 12 (text, p222) a. average total cost plant 1 plant 2 plant 3 plant 4 1 7.5 6.25 6.363636 6.923077 2 5 5 5.333333 5.882353 3 3.846154 4.66666667 5 5.5 4 4.615385 4.70588235 5 5.454545 b. long run cost curve: c. economies of scale: Economies of scale are realized for the range 60 to 75 units produced. d. number of ovens: the long run average cost curve depicts... Water is a resource and from the article it is evident that the supply level is 23 gigaliters per year, in order to allocate water economically in such a way that we get the water back than the water will come from the lowest value uses, this statement means that the lowest value water users should be discouraged to use the water and the highest value water users encouraged to use the water, therefore the there will be a reduction in the water available to the lowest value water users. From the above table in order to get the water back there should be a reduction in the water used by the lowest value users and this can only be achieved through the increase of the price of water per liter which can be done through taxation. The film industry is concerned with the effect of adoption of broadband internet that allow users to download pirated movies, the option is to reduce the number of pirated movies downloaded per week through education, therefore education is expected to reduce the number of pirated movies downloaded per week. From the above chart it is evident that the a tax will increase the price of illegal downloads, the supply curve shifts from supply curve 1 to supply curve 2, as a result the equilibrium quantity will decline from Q1 to Q2. the long run average cost curve depicts the average cost of production as the firm expands, from the above the long run will help realization of economies of scale and th

Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Toyota - Essay Example Thailand is chosen as the global manufacturing base and other manufacturing bases in Asian countries will supply engines and other components. The vehicles developed in global manufacturing base of Thailand have a potential for export in 80 nations and regions. This will also make input costs much lower than in developed countries and increase the profit margin in case of an economic slowdown. In case of Chinese markets, manufacturing and marketing needs to be strengthened for viable growth. Full product lineup in different segments like compact, luxury SUV and luxury sedan vehicles has to be established. The manufacturing capacity needs to be revamped in this emerging market which will in turn increase the brand value of Toyota. Introduction of lexus and reorganization of sales channel is necessary to sustain growth in Japanese market. Further preparations are necessary to accomodate future changes in market structure and customer values. The merger and acquisition scenario also brings two of the major players Ford and Toyota together. Toyota management can negotiate a deal as Ford, the third largest manufacturer of cars, is mired in one of the worst financial crises in its history and Toyota is in its strongest position since it was founded 70 years ago. Development of a wide range of technologies and products with focus on market creation is the ultimate strategy for expansion. Leading edge technologies like nanotechnology, material technology and biotechnology will be the driving force for the next generation cutting edge technology for developing green and clean environment friendly, safe and user friendly interface for vehicles. The ecology and the emotion of customers will be taken care of in this strategic development. The laws, regulations and government policies regarding environmental protection, vehicle emissions, vehicle fuel economy , vehicle safety, outcome of

The results of technological innovation

The results of technological innovation Executive Summary: The purpose of writing this report was to examine the results of technological innovation in an organization. The major findings in this report indicate that technological innovation is necessary in every organization for the betterment of the same itself. Here in this report the study has been made on the Barclays Banks PINsentry device. Nevertheless the complete research is on this particular innovation of the bank. But there is some discussion about the technological innovations and its advantages and disadvantages in the former part of the report to clear the concept of technological innovation to every individual reader. Later as the report progresses towards the body there lies a short discussion about the role of manager in an organization towards the technological innovation. And just following to this there is a short description about banking industry, as it is the indirect base of the report and the topic. Later on we can see a discussion about the technological innovation of Barclays Bank i.e. the PINsentry device. Continuation to the PINsentry, there are the advantages and disadvantages of this new invention. And in the ending part of the report there is a spotlight show on the benefits which the Barclays Bank got due to the innovation. As problems are part of every innovation, so does the PINsentry device had, which are mentioned just followed to the benefits. As we proceed to the end of the report there lays the conclusion about the report. And in the end lays the bibliography about the sources of the complete report. Introduction: In this present fast and rapid changing world it is necessary for every organization to come up with innovation. Whether it is an innovation in organization culture or it is in the field of technology, it is necessary to keep innovating new ideas and technologies in order to survive. A technological innovation takes place when there is a need of a new product as per the requirement of the specified market. A technological innovation heralds the organization and helps it enhance efficiently. What is technological innovation? Any improvement in present technology or an invention of any new technology is called technological innovation. Technology is an instrument provided by science which enormously enhances it powers, as Albert Einstein did with his innovations. An innovation is a tool with which technology flourishes. Basically both innovation and technology are complementary to each other. Advantages and disadvantages: The world today has changed a lot with the aid of technology. Those things which were once done manually have not turn computerized. Almost everything is a click ahead. Every innovation has advantages as well as disadvantages. But on most of the cases advantages covers the part of disadvantages. Technological innovation also has some advantages and disadvantages too. Few of them are mentioned below: Advantages: Globalization: New technologies have bind world very close. The businesses have come under one system i.e. online to a greater extent. The linguistic and geographical boundaries have been removed by means of innovative technologies. Cost effectiveness: Since the business has become online the costs for running a business have been reduced to a large extent for many organizations. The machines have replaced human. Communication: With the advent of new technologies communication has become very easy, fast and cheap. E.g. -Mobile, internet etc. 24/7: Organizations have switched to online business with the help of new technologies, hence globally. This feature has increased the flexibility of business and has helped to grow and earn faster. Job opportunities: With the evolution of new technologies the scope of employment has also raised. Every new technology requires specialized skilled person to work on them. Disadvantages: Scope of unemployment: With the innovation of new technologies, the business has become more streamlined which has led to job reduction of staff, downsizing of organizations and outsourcing in other countries. This has created unemployment at lower and middle level of many organizations. Dominant culture: Since the world has become a global village, the culture is being dominated by the strong one. For example,>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.> Lack of security: As the technologies have made communication easier and faster but the level of security has been endangered too. Examples email hacking, Role of manager to support innovative technology: Every industry comprises of many competitors. So it is the key responsibility of the manager to support the new technology in order to make it efficient and effective. Everything to support the innovation is to be done by the manager itself. The role of manager in support of innovation is as follows: Mentor: One of the key roles of the manager for the organization is to act as a mentor. As the word mentor itself suggests about the duty of manager. The manager has to adopt every individual idea about the new innovation and have to make sure that the organization achieves its complete goal through full potentials. Identifying strengths and weakness: Again the manager has to sort out the strengths and weakness of the new technology brought in an organization. By capitalizing on strengths the manager has to flourish the new technology and then put a check on weakness and eliminate it for making the innovation successful. Right timing: A right vision about when the innovation should be brought into the market to attain best results is of utmost importance. Because that only will decide the success or failure of new innovation. Reviewing concepts: Reviewing the concepts about the new technology and the figure out how it relates to the organization culture and working and how it can enhance the organizations efforts in the field of new technology. The Banking Industry: The Banking industry is one the most simple and reliable business which takes deposits from the customers at a lower rate of interests and lends them into the market at a higher rate of interest. The technology played a great role in the development of banking industry. With the help of new technologies the banking industry has transformed from being manual to automatic or computerized systems. Banks have now become global. Due to the innovation in technology banking services became available 24 hours every day for the whole year comprising of 365 days. The banking industry regularly comes up with new innovative technologies in order to make banking more easy, convenient, safe and faster. It is due to the help of new and improved technologies that the business is carried on globally with the help of banking industry. Earlier a person had to wait for days and months to make a transaction in other country. But now with these new technologies it is very simple and fast to make a transac tion in any part of world in a fraction of second. Let us cite an example of a particular bank, in order to explain the innovative technology in the banking industry. And what effects and changes it brought to the industry with its new innovative product or services. The bank which we are taking into example to explain the innovative technology and its effect on the organization is the Barclays Bank. Barclays Bank: It is a British financial service being operated worldwide in different countries. According to Forbes Global 2000, Barclays is the 25th largest company in the world. And it is one of the major banks in the UK. The bank has got two major clusters; Global retail banking and corporate and investment and wealth management. Though Barclays have many other constituents as well like Barclays private equity, Barclays Cards etc. Being such a big organization, it has to keep innovating new technologies to become unique in the market. Though there were many innovative systems being introduced by Barclays in recent years. But the most remarkable and latest is the PINsentry, a device/system which regulates online banking and keeps the interest of its customers secured and safe from frauds. Barclayss PINsentry: PINsentry is a device developed by the Barclays Bank in order to prevent fraudulent in online banking. The device is a two factor authentication security system. The PINsentry device has a small LCD, 4 main buttons and a number pad. Barclayss online banking has always been highly secured but the invention and introduction of PINsentry has added up an additional level of security. The use of this system is very easy and quick. The PINsentry is a type of card reader which generates codes for login which are based on the last four digits of your customers card. Every time when one has to login, it generates a new code. All a person needs to do is insert the card in the device and enter the secret pin number on its number pads to generate a new code. Basically the PINsentry i.e. the card reader reads the card details and generates a new code accordingly for login. It then generates an eight digit code for using online banking. The PINsentry device needs to follow certain steps in order to get started and use it every time. All you have to do is get the Barclays card, PINsentry device and 12 digit online banking membership number. After having these entire things, a customer has to get registered online for PINsentry. And it is ready to use. Advantages of PINsentry: The PINsentry added a numerous numbers of advantages to the customers of Barclays. Some of them are mentioned as below: Easy and quick in use. Safe and secured online banking. Hassel free service. Additional level of security with no frauds. Privacy of customers. Smart technology in modern times. Disadvantages of PINsentry: Though every technology has advantages but it always have some set back too. They are as follows: Inconvenient to carry device everywhere. After every 90 seconds the device turns off. Problems in using overseas. Time consuming process. The card gets locked if incorrect pin is entered thrice. These were the advantages and disadvantages of PINsentry of Barclays. Irrespective the disadvantages, the new technology have been liked by the customers and have been accepted widely all over. The Barclays says that till date there has been no frauds occurred with usage of PINsentry. The bank gained distinct recognition in the industry with the introduction of this technology. Benifits to Barclays: A distinct recognition was achieved by Barclays in the industry with PINsentry. A combat in frauds made common people have more faith in Barclays. A growth in customer is achieved because of new technology. Increased market goodwill. Online usage growth. Wide acceptance by customers. Problems faced by Barclays: Irrespective of having so many benefits, Barclays faced many problems too with PINsentry. Problems with the device were found with many customers. It became difficult for them to access online banking. The device was not accepted in every country. So it was difficult when customer were overseas. The PINsentry implemented security on own banking, but it is the same like a normal card when used on other sites. Safety only for debit card users. Inconvenience faced by customers forced them to switch over to other banks. Though the device faced complication and few problems but it is still in use and people find it worth and good are still accepting it. The Barclays also took certain measures to overcome these problems and on the major front the benefits of PINsentry cannot be overlooked. Conclusion: It is worth to mention that PINsentry by Barclays brought a new technology in banking industry. And it is worth appreciating. Everything coin has two sides, like wise every innovation has both advantages and disadvantages too. Though it can be said PINsentry had quite a few negative remarks, but the positive remarks are far important and appreciable which cannot be overlook. So personally I would say that the PINsentry device has a greater importance for online banking even if it adds an extra step to access but it is all for self security. And as far as we all know, everybody in this world could spare a few minutes for their own security rather than being unsecured even when you have the technology. Bibliography: C. J. Touhill, Gregory J. Touhill, Thomas A. ORiordan (2008), Commercialization of innovative technology, John Wiley Sons Inc., New Jersey, Ch. .16, 17. John Howell (2005), The management of innovation and technology, Sage Publications, Cornwall, Ch- 1. http://www.eoearth.org/article/Technological_innovation http://www.slideshare.net/jamilkhatib/technology-and-innovation-management-1186056

Postion Paper: Nature Vs. Nurture -- essays research papers

Position Paper: Nature vs. Nurture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The controversy of nature vs. nurture has been going on for many years, and a decision has not yet been reached in which one is the most affective. Using the results of the countless tests done, everyday situations, and the twins experiment, I will prove that nature is a larger contributor to the outcome of our personalities than nurture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, many psychologists and Universities, such as Harvard, conducted countless test to determined which traits of our personalities seemed to be inherited, and which seemed to be developed from our own life experiences. For most of the traits measured, more than half the variation was found to be due to heredity. Among these traits were things such as leadership abilities, traditionalism, obedience or lack of, and surprisingly enough, the strict enforcement of rules. An not all the things tested were based on stature and parental ways. Some that tested out at least 50% due to heredity included a sense of well-being, zest for life; alienation; vulnerability or resistance to stress and fearfulness or risk-seeking. All these factors have to do directly with our personality. Our goals for achieving and future were another thing that tested out to be largely due to heredity and genes. The need to achieve, including ambition and inclination to work hard towards goals is an example of that. All these points simply prove that there are very many trai...

The Development of Wave Energy in China

Introduction With the growing concern over the emission of greenhouse gas and the depletion of fossil in roughly a hundred years (Guo, 2010), greater emphasis are placed on the utilization the renewable clean energy, such as solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, biomass energy. Wave power, as one of inexhaustible clean energies, stands out prominently due to high efficiency and low capital cost. As a result, Sea wave power has been increasingly viewed in many countries as a competitive and promising energy resource(You, 2003).China’s engagement in the study of wave energy conversion since 1970’s has made significant progress in fueling China’s fast growing economy. And there is still great potential of further exploitation of wave energy as about 7? 1010 W of wave energy is technological accessible in the near shore of China. Development and deployment of wave power help phase in the energy structure swift ‘from coal-dominance to more shares of clean energy typesâ₠¬â„¢ to tackle the problem of energy crisis and environmental pollution in a cost-effective manner (reference from Beijing Foreign Affairs Office).This term paper focuses on the conditions, progress and challenges of utilizing wave energy in China. Firstly it discusses the physical concepts of sea wave energy, including the basic process, relative merits and several common converters. The main part then elaborates on the reasons and situations for China to exploit wave power. It finally concludes from the progress of utilization that wave power has a vast developing foreground and an infinite market potential in China. Physical Features of Wave PowerAs one of the mechanical waves, the ocean waves are generated by wind blowing vastly enough over the sea surface and transferring energy from wind to wave(Guo, 2010). Specifically, the formation of waves is due to ‘the tangential stress on the interface between the wind and sea’(Guo, 2010), intensified by ‘the wind blo ws on the upwind side of the wave which cause pressure different between upwind and downwind of wave(Guo, 2010). While energy transformation takes place in macrocosm and transverse aspect, changes of energy magnitude exist in microcosm and longitudinal regard.Under the action of wind and gravity, the particle moves in circle in deep water while moves elliptically in shallow water. Dimensions of particle trajectories decrease exponentially as the depth increase in both deep water and shallow water(Guo, 2010). Typically these paths will become very small at a water depth larger than a few wavelengths in the deep water (Chow, 2012), which means that the larger orbits on the sea surface contain more wave energy than those in the deeper location.Consequently, ‘the wave energy is stored in the ocean worldwide and highly concentrated near the ocean surface’(Guo, 2010). The above-mentioned kinetic energy and potential energy generated by sea surface waves is referred to as ocea n wave energy(â€Å"Wave Energy Development,† 2006). Huge amount of energy is stored in waves, consisting of 94% energy of the ocean stored in the waves and the other 6% in tidal energy(Guo, 2010). Generally speaking, wave power cannot convert to electricity directly like wind energy. Wave energy should first be captured and converted into useful mechanical energy and then use this form of mechanical energy to generate electricity’(Guo, 2010), which might cause energy loss during conversion. Three determinants of energy output are wave height, wave speed, wavelength, and water density. †¦ Relative Advantage and Disadvantages The technology of producing electricity from sea waves is innovative and a leading method worldwide.Environmental pollution and global warming as a result of fossil fuel consumption have turned people to make use of largest world resource to create electricity, namely, sea waves. Comparing with other renewable clean energies, wave power has re lative high-lightened merits as follows(Kloosterman, 2010): High Density Wave power is the densest power among renewable energy resources, namely about 5kW/m to 100kW/m(Guo, 2010). The high density of wave power implies that considerable amounts of electricity may be yielded at relatively small sites. Certain ContinuityThe second feature that makes wave power suitable for electricity production is that the wave power can produce electricity continuously Unlike most of renewable energy resources (Guo, 2010). By contrast, nuclear power plants and hydroelectric stations are hi ghly susceptible to earthquake damage and China is hit by more than 4 typhoons a year on average, making the building of wind farms extremely difficult but wave electrical devices promising(Aviv, 2008). High Efficiency Besides high density and continuity in production, wave energy also is characterized by its high efficiency.According to S. D. E, wave energy has the potential to provide 4 times more energy per sq uare meter than wind, leading to rendering 500 times more than the electricity requirements of the whole world population if fully harnessed which ‘offers a solution to the severe global shortage of electricity that is estimated to cost billions of dollars’(Aviv, 2008). Multi-purpose Utilization Plenty of other purposes can be realized by wave energy besides providing electricity. The low temperature water in deep seas can replace Freon for the refrigeration of air-conditioners in summer.Desalination of sea water on islands lacking of fresh water can also be achieved by wave power. As with You (2003), ‘Multi-purpose utilization of wave energy can increase its commercial values’. Some Drawbacks As a rather new field with most of the technology under development, the practical efficiency of the wave power device is not high enough. Basically, wave power is ready to be used at low speed and high force and the motion of forces is not in a single direction, rais ing difficulties for most electric generators that operate at higher speeds and turbines that need a constant, steady flow(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†).Conversely, the cost for construction is high. Since the devices used for capturing the sea waves, ‘the structure need to be withstanding the rough weather and the corrosive sea water’(Guo, 2010). ‘The total cost includes the primary converter, the power take-off system, the mooring system, installation and maintenance cost, and electricity delivery costs(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†)’, boosting costs of generation in this way.Also, the wave power electricity generation is highly dependent on the sea characteristics, putting limits of the construction of wave power devices exclusively to the high wave power density coastlines(Guo, 2010). Moreover, wave electricity devise can exert potential negative influence on the marine environment. Large-scale implementation of wave energy converts (WECs) is l ikely to introduce an anthropogenic activity in the ocean(Patricio, 2009). This in turn may contribute to underwater noise which is detrimental to certain marine fauna with acoustic sensibility.Proper and continuous monitor of the noise can help abate the negative effect on marine species. Consequently, the advantages of wave energy far outweigh its drawbacks which mostly can be mitigated with further technological development. Potential Worldwide and in China ‘The realistically usable worldwide resource of wave energy has been estimated to be greater than 2 TW’, equivalent to an annual amount of 6000TWh(Wikipedia). The practical potential to harness the wave power to generate electricity would be much less given some constraints like technical and economic difficulties(Guo, 2010).Waves generate approximately 2,700 gig watts of power. According to Wikipedia, of those 2,700 gig watts, only about 500 gig watts can be utilized with the technology currently. This huge poten tial and applicability of wave power concentrate especially on the regions along coastlines, including the western seaboard of Europe, the northern coast of the UK, and the Pacific coastlines of North and South America, Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand(Wikipedia).South-eastern China has an obvious comparative advantage in regard of wave resources, with excellent conditions for mineralization, and there are 130 types of minerals with proven reserves. Recent Progress of utilization of wave power in China Although the first known patent on wave energy conversion was issued as early as 1799, extensive researches have not been carried out until the early 1970s(â€Å"Wave Energy Development,† 2006). Extracting the power of the waves is ‘moving out of the realms of sea mythology and into scientific reality’(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†).Representative countries that pioneered in this field are United Kingdom,Norway,Portugal,China,India and so on(You, 200 3). ‘Various kinds of wave energy conversion devices have been proposed and many prototype wave power stations have been constructed, such as Salter duck, clam, Cockerel raft, oscillating water column (OWC)(You, 2003). ’ Had it not been due to certain technical and economic constraints, the huge reserve of power stored in oceans covering 71% of the earth’s surface is bound to have a promising foreground.For example, most of the studies on other influencing devices have been called off in light of low conversion efficiency and poor sustainability, leaving the OWC system of wave energy conversion to be the major direction of researches(You, 2003). Therefore, wave power generation is not currently a widely employed commercial technology comparing with other renewable green energies(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†). In tune with the world trend, China is in the first rank of countries in studying wave energy conversion at present with a history also dated back to 1 970s. Actually, the application of wave power in a real sense started in 1982(Guo, 2010).Developments in establishing small marine wave power devices like lighthouse or small power devices equipped in ships laid foundation for the completion of the first wave power station in 2005 with capacity of 50kW and yields roughly 26MWh every year(Guo, 2010). The next milestone is also established in 2005 which is the largest wave power station in china with capacity of 100kW. Both of the power stations are located in the southern province Guangdong with 4,300 km in costline. China has established Department of Energy in 2009, and will focus on development of renewable energy include wave power.Glorious past contributes to the present development of wave energy in China. It is one of the most influencing countries in studying wave energy conversion at present. Up to now, three types of facilities utilizing wave power have been developed, including shoreline OWC wave power plants, floating OWC buoys and pendulous wave power plants(You, 2003). Besides, one of the two power plants in Guangdong province is under construction with 150kW capacity and the other one of 500Kw capacity is planed to start in the near future(Psenak, 2012).A third plant was built in Yangjiang City in 2011. Applicability of different wave power technologies in China can be summarized into five kinds, that is Oscillating water column(OWC), Pelamis wave power converter, Oyster wave power conerter, wave dragon converter and Finavera wave power converter(Guo, 2010). The main disadvantages with OWC are low efficiency and high capital cost, which canbe addressed with the development of OWC technology. According to the Chinese wave power company, the estimated total efficiency of the OWC system can reach 20%(Guo, 2010).Although covering the shortages of OWC, Pelamis wave power convertor with long and narrow (snake-like) shape pointing into the waves, is not suitable for China as it can only be applied to hi gh power density area. The same situation applies to the Finavera power converter. The Oyster system ‘consists of a hinged mechanical flap connected to the seabed at a depth of 10 metres. Each passing wave moves the flap which drives hydraulic pistons to deliver high pressure water via a pipeline to an onshore turbine which generates electricity’(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†).Unlike Pelamis wave power converter, ‘Oyster wave converter has relative low limitation in wave power density and it is near-shore fixed in shallow water’(Guo, 2010). Moreover, the capital cost of Oyster wave power convertor is lower than OWC systems. It is considered suitable for China, according to Guo(2010). The wave dragon technology is not mature enough to be put into practice in full size. †¦ The future of wave power in China Chinese policy is open to developing comprehensive renewable energy resources, including wind power, solar power and wave power.Although wave powe r is currently the least used in China, it is widely believed that wave power has a big potential because of some advantageous natural conditions(Guo, 2010). †¦good wave climate in Guangdong, Fujian and some other provinces. The potential capacities of wave power in China are 500GW approximately(Liu). Wave energy is considered to be the large useful wave power resource in China. The technologies of wave power have been developed for a long time, though not very mature due to the high cost of the existing wave power plant.Continous experiments with new equipments to harness ocean wave energy as well as efforts to attract sizeable foreign investments would be the major goals of this giant developing country(â€Å"Wave Power Projects in US, Scotland and China â€Å", 2010). It is reasonably estimated that the cost for wave power generation will decrease to a rational level if wave power is largely used for commercial generation(Guo, 2010). As analyzed preceedingly, the on land O yster systems suit China best and improved OWC will be the most widely adopted wave power generation system in China.According to Guo, ‘if they are combined with newer systems off-shore wave power generation system such as Wave Dragon and Pelamis, these will form the future Chinese wave power generation system'. In this way, the time volatility of wave energy can also be smoothed by interconnection of large numbers of devices(Falnes, 1991). Hence, wave energy is expected to have a great potential to be economically competitive with the development of new designs and technical improvements over time(Falnes, 1991).Establishing, operating and maintaining the convert facilities of wave energy is set to provide a major boost to coastal societies for the country. Aviv, T. (2008). Sea Wave Power Plants Available in China Retrieved from http://www. renewableenergyworld. com/rea/news/article/2008/07/sea-wave-power-plants-available-in-china-53176 Falnes, J. L. , J. (1991). Ocean wave en ergy. Energy Policy, 19(8), 768-775. Guo, L. H. (2010). Applicability and Potential of Wave Power in China. 48. Retrieved from http://hig. diva-portal. org/smash/record. jsf? pid=diva2:327695 Kloosterman, K. (2010).SDE Makes Wave Power in China: Where It's Completing 1 MW Power Plant Deal. Retrieved from http://www. greenprophet. com/2010/04/sde-wave-energy-china/ Patricio, S. , Soares, C. & Sarmento, A. (2009). Underwater Noise Modelling of Wave Energy Devices. 9. Retrieved from http://www. see. ed. ac. uk/~shs/Wave%20Energy/EWTEC%202009/EWTEC%202009%20(D)/papers/151. pdf Powered by the Sea. New Scientist / Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://www. globalenvironmentalsociety. net/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=57:powered-by-the-sea&catid=25:news&Itemid=113 Psenak, L. (2012). Two wave power plants underway in China.Retrieved from http://www. renewable-energy-technology. net/marine-hydro/two-wave-power-plants-underway-china Wave Energy Development. (2006). Retrieved from http://www. fp7-standpoint. eu/index. php/en/wave-energy/wave-energy-development Wave Power Projects in US, Scotland and China (2010). Retrieved from EconomyWatch website: http://www. economywatch. com/renewable-energy/wave-power-development. html Wikipedia. Wave Power. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wave_power You, Y. G. , Zheng, Y. H. , Shen, Y. M. , Wu, B. J. & Liu, R. . (2003). Wave Energy Study in China: Advancements and Perspectives. China Ocean engineering, 17(1), 101-109.

Quotes From V for Vendetta

Quotes From V for Vendetta V for Vendetta V for Vendetta FinchOne thing is true of all governments – their most reliable records are tax records.VFear became the ultimate tool of this government.VNo, what you have are bullets, and the hope that when your guns are empty, Im no longer standing, because if I am... youll all be dead before youve reloaded.FinchIf our own government was responsible for the deaths of almost a hundred thousand people... would you really want to know?Evey HammondI wish I wasnt afraid all the time, but... I am.Evey HammondGod is in the rain...Evey Hammond [about Guy Fawkes and his attempt to blow up Parliament] We are told to remember the idea, not the man, because a man can fail. He can be caught, he can be killed and forgotten, but 400 years later, an idea can still change the world. Ive witnessed first hand the power of ideas, Ive seen people kill in the name of them, and die defending them... but you cannot kiss an idea, cannot touch it, or hold it... ideas do not bleed, they do not feel pain, they do not love... And it is not an idea that I miss, it is a man... A man that made me remember the fifth of November†¦ a man that I will never forget.CreedyDefiant to the end, huh? You wont cry like him, will you? Youre not afraid of death. Youre like me.Sutler [shouts] We are being buried under the avalanche of your inadequacies, Mr. Creedy!SutlerI want this country to realize that we stand on the edge of oblivion. I want everyone to remember why they need us!

The Unhealthy Hospital Case Study Essay Essays

The Unhealthy Hospital Case Study Essay Essays The Unhealthy Hospital Case Study Essay Essay The Unhealthy Hospital Case Study Essay Essay For a health care set up it is really much of import to keep the fiscal system in balance so that the clients and the stakeholder’s involvements are good accompanied. In a clients point of position one looks for the best service and the consequences possible from a infirmary and on the other manus the stakeholders look for the best possible net income they can derive from the concern. This is the point where a competent infirmary or a healthcare director comes into image. In this instance the health care set up is traveling through a unsmooth phase where in an increasing cost of health care installations like the equipments. pharmaceuticss etc is indirectly impacting on the quality of attention provided in the infirmary which is finally conveying down the one-year gross each twelvemonth. A budget of 70million dollar has to be approved and there are a batch of issues to be considered For starting motors After careful rating the whole edifice has to be renovated at least to do it look a little more aesthetic and acceptable. so that the patient is comfy with the infinite and the installation provided. The leaking pipes cramped infinite and the expression of the health care set up will hold a direct impact on the clients. Since the fiscal wellness of the infirmary is deteriorating. upheaval is necessary. At present the demands from the wellness work force sing the enlargement of the neonatal ward. a new operating theatre for the section of surgery an MRI machine for the radiology section is non an option to see. For the exigency section a full clip physician seems to be an of import issue which needs to be attended atthe earliest. The infirmary is already running in a loss so high tech services might be a bad option to see at this point of clip. The clinics in suburbs were of great aid for people of low income community. So the city manager of the metropolis had a really good hope and relation with the infirmary and he helped them in acquiring financess from the council. This was an duty to wholly shut down the clinics. There is a political force per unit area involved. But the state of affairs is out of manus and may be its better to close down some subdivisions which are non making good or which has a really negligible patient influx. This would assist in cutting down some disbursals. Introducing a coach service is an unneeded disbursal at present state of affairs so that’s once more non an option to be considered. DR. Susan Russel’s suggestion is just but sing the study of the clinics so far with worsening figure of patients. it seems to be an expensive suggestion Dean Pellegrini suggestion is really interesting and really much worth holding a expression at. Harmonizing to his 1st option- Traveling the infirmary to a good vicinity which has possible clients with wellness insurance would alter the present fiscal state of affairs of the infirmary. He besides suggests that the present infirmary should be converted into a mini infirmary with merely the basic demand and services. This manner both the intents will be served. He seems to be reasonably reasonable in proposing that subsequently on depending on the state of affairs the old infirmary can be turned into a nursing place or any specialised services could be added. It would be really good. The 2nd option what he has suggested is more acceptable to the society but really much of a job to the board since it is non at all a profitable option. but this option would maintain the infirmaries mission and the really ground of the infirmaries existence alive. which is to function the community in dem and who could non have a good attention else where. but by making so it would wholly destruct the infirmaries gross twelvemonth after a twelvemonth. Ellen Schall suggestions are besides considerable and acceptable.affecting all the related people to have the duty of the infirmary success. This will decidedly take to a really good determination and will assist in acquiring a better solutions. The public public assistance organisations. the authorities or a council member. pharmaceutical companies. insurance companies are besides of import here. Making them all sit together and discoursing the jobs would take to a much better and acceptable solution. The concern community. protagonisms. private and public bureaus might besides be involved in meetings. By making so. a broader sense of the jobs could be projected and geting at the solution can be made easy. May be this might open up a opportunity for a fiscal. political. professional assistance to the infirmary. The companies might be willing to give more price reductions on the merchandises such as pharmaceuticss. surgical equipments on a contract footing. The populace or the private organisations. concern community people might be willing to offer a fiscal assistance. councilor the authorities might believe of some alterations in wellness policy etc. This will be a good option overall Kieth degree Fahrenheit safian had a different position towards the job. Harmonizing to him shuting the clinic would give a serious blow to the community it serves. which is an perfectly a fact. All he meant was that it will give a negative feeling on the infirmary and this will in bend reflect severely on the Hospital cut downing its one-year gross even more. Having a strong and good relationship with the authorities. co-workers and the community it serves is to be given an equal precedence. He is true in stating that Blake’s Memorial will neer be able to vie with St. Barnabas since their motivation is wholly different from that of the Blakes Memorial infirmary. Concentrating more on the clinics would give Blake’s Memorial a big coverage on the low and in-between income community to acquire more inpatient referrals win the assurance. better the relationship and the monopoly over the service it provides to these communities. An effectual rating of the clinics productiveness and the necessary alterations depending on the clinics public presentation is indispensable. He adds that â€Å"One should see the long term ends against the short term constraints† . Jane Delgado concentrates on 3 things in the remarks which looks really utile The 1st one is the apprehension of whom the infirmary will function. The 2nd one is to alter how the clinic work without any unreasonable costs and the 3rd and last 1 is to develop more trim analysis of the hospital’s operations. He besides says that we should concentrate on the community it serves. The market and mission of the Blake’s Memorial and the St. Barnabas are wholly different so there is no inquiry of viing with the Numberss and figures with each other. The attack should be independent. Harmonizing to him Dr. Susan Russel’s suggestion were good and provinces that regardless of the income and the geographics infirmary should see making locally based preventative health care centres which is politically right and financially moneymaking. He besides states that Blake’s infirmary should supply â€Å"High Touch† attention and non â€Å"High Tech† attention. Clinics should be considered as an extension of the infirmary and non like an extremity which means it should be like a concerted support system to the infirmary and non like a peripheral cost centres which drains resources from the infirmary. He says these clinics must be like a point of entry to the patients. one time they enter to the clinic system Blake should supply them with the necessary basic intervention and the modus operandi follow up and those who need particular attention or high tech installations with advanced engineerings. should be referred to the St Barnabas. This will hold a positive impact on the clients towards the infirmary. An analysis of the demand of the employees should be made and the necessary cuts along with it. If needed alterations should be made strategically to keep a good quality of attention. The loss of staff because of the alterations is inevitable. One should believe about the long term net income in such instance. Barnard Lachner states that there should be a meeting that should be conducted with Clara Bryant and Richard Tuttle or any other representative from St. Barnabas infirmary who is a bit more sympathetic towards the low income community. the meeting should put a land for low income community healthcare so that the duty shifts a spot on the authorities shoulders excessively. He besides states that it is the authorities which is responsible for the present state of affairs of the health care system. It is the wellness attention policies which are doing all the alterations and the infirmaries are paying the results of it. Decision There are few of import stairss to be followed for determination devising in high speed environment. 1st one is to Use as much information available as possible. 2nd one is to develop all possible options. 3rd one is to utilize the advice of all possible counsellors and maintain the options open. 4th one is to decide the struggles utilizing the consensus from all the related members who are involved in the struggles and the last 1 is to do an effort on geting at a strategic determination with tactical programs. Eisenhardts ( 1989 ) Harmonizing to my sentiment Jane Delgado’s attack seems to be really effectual and honoring. the remarks made by him attends all the degrees of the Blake’s wellness attention system ie the function of the infirmary in functioning the community. the function of the clinic and its importance and about the operation of the health care. Of class Ellen Schall’s suggestions are non to be ignored. affecting as many people in the meeting will decidedly assist in geting a better solution as mentioned above. I would propose naming a meeting affecting the stakeholders ( board ) . Private and public organisations. concern community. council or the authorities. pharmaceutical companies. protagonisms. insurance companies etc and discuss the jobs in item with them. Make certain to inform them about the mission of Blake’s Memorial. A corporate head is different from an single head since it belongs to a form of interconnected activitiesamong a group of people. This impression has been used to depict professional civilization in an organisation ( Bloor A ; Dawson 1994 ) the groups like this drama a cardinal function in determination devising. The multidisciplinary squad work has been a tendency in modern health care systems and is proven good for the organisations. The squad can spread out the function of an employee beyond the normal function and affect him or her in major developments of an organisation. ( Janice Lewis Duncan Boldy ) This meeting will decidedly take us to something goo d and utile way. Sing the clinics As Jane Delgado mentioned we must see it as a portion of the system which cooperates and provides us an inpatient service non as an excess extremity. By doing the patients comfy and handling them with attention will develop a good relationship with the neighbouring community and will ensue in a good patient influx. Renovate the clinics and spread out where it is necessary. measure the studies of Dr. Susan Russel and continue with the redevelopment and enlargement where it is needed. This manner the mission of the Blake’s Memorial will be served and it will be accepted by all the communities and politicians. This will take to a long term net income. There is no demand to spread out or widen the services in the present infirmary as of now because of the present state of affairs. This can be done in ulterior phases when there is a demand. A careful rating of the client influx and the demands of the staffs to handle them should be done. The extra staff should be terminated to cut down the cost. This determination might take to conflict and the work force dissatisfaction in the beginning. but disregarding it is really much necessary since this measure will be good for the long tally. Mention: Bloor G. Dawson 1994 Understanding professional civilization in organisational context organisation surveies 15 ( 2 ) :275-95 Eisenhardt K. Zabracki M 1992 Strategic decision- doing Strategic direction Journal 32 ( winter ) :17-37 Eisenhardt. K. M. 1989. â€Å" Making Fast determinations in High-Velocity Environments. † Academy od Management Journal 32 ( 3 ) : 543-76. Mintzberg H 1973 The nature of managerial work. Harper A ; Row New York

Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diversity - Research Paper Example Managing diversity properly leads to healthy organization of these differences which results in a dynamic milieu where every individual is appreciated and cherished which makes him employ his abilities successfully to accomplish the societal objectives in general and organizational goals in particular. On the other hand, mismanagement of diversity may lead to violence, aggression and revulsion among people. On individual level, diversity helps one to come out of challenging situations by being flexible to troubles. If we talk about business world in United States which is a diverse nation, people of different races and ethnic background are working actively because of the involvement of more women and immigrants. This diversity is necessary for staying in competition with the outer world and ensuring higher productivity. Characteristics that come under the umbrella term of diversity, also sometimes called dimensions of diversity, include age, race, ethnicity, gender, culture, heritage, cognitive approach, beliefs, mental or physical abnormality, socio-economic and educational background, customs and traditions, norms and values, geographical status, religion, art, language, nuptial and family status, political following, sexual orientation, food habits, and etcetera. Every individual is unique but belongs to an identity group at the same time that identifies him. Some of the characteristics are chosen by the individual himself (such as religious beliefs, political affiliation and marital status) while some are given to him by nature or society (such as language, race and ethnicity). Sweetman (2004, p. 2) asserts that diversity can be understood in two dimensions, that is, primary and secondary diversity. He states that primary diversity comprises of those characteristics that an individual cannot alter for himself, such as, â€Å"sex, race or ethnicity, age, physical abilities and qualities, and

Max Weber on Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Max Weber on Democracy - Essay Example This is likely one of the reasons why Weber's outlook was so negative upon democracy. Weber felt that since sociologists are human beings possessed with the capability of having empathy and understanding for others, that social actions should be analyzed accordingly. Weber, unlike Marx and Durkheim really focused on the individual and not society as a whole. He focused on status, individual ideas, social class and religion in evaluating their impact on democracy. Weber felt that each of these facets had an individual and equally compelling effect upon the individual and therefore their perceived place in a democratic society. Weber did not believe in the notion of elections or of positional changing. He instead advocated that all elected officials should instead be lifetime appointments. There is a bit of a disparity here because it ultimately results in a single election for a lifetime appointment and the gravamen of American democracy is term limits. It is the term limits which stop the country from becoming a hierarchy and which allows for the continued growth of the country. Weber advocated the type of hierarchy that one would see in a college, university or Fortune 500 company. Any person who receives the lifetime appointment must have the proper credentials which of course required a certificate program of some sort. Thus, under his proposed, democracy would be a well oiled lifetime administrative machine. The problem with his thinking is that it completely flies in the face of the American definition of democracy especially as applied to term limits. Weber did not approve of democracy mainly because he found the democracy of Germany to be petty. He did not feel that a democracy could be successful in a country with a tremendous bureaucracy. The notions flew in each other's faces, however if the country was one that was run like an administrative university, perhaps he would have more open to the idea of democracy. Parson was fascinated by the notion of Citizenship. (Kivisto 68) By way of example, he wrote about the idea of African Americans enjoying the rights of full citizenship. Parson was particularly influenced by Marshall's three dimension application towards democracy. Marshall regarded the three dimensions as the civil, political and social. The process was regarded by Marshall as an evolutionary one, which for the most part Parson adopted, however as to the social dimension, unlike Marshall, Parson applied that dimension to Roosevelt's "New Deal". (Kivisto 68) In a complete break from his mentor Weber, Parsons felt that the future of democracy was bleak if not unattainable, Parsons' predictions for the future of African Americans was sunny. (Kivisto 69) Weber, however, felt that the prospects for democracy in Germany were dim. Parsons felt that America was the last word in modern society and opined that complete citizenship would occur when African Americans (and other similarly situated minorities) were granted the same rights as whites. At such time, Parsons predicted that democratic citizenship would be complete. (Kivisto 69). Sources Cuff, E. C., W. W. Sharrock and D. W. Francis, Perspectives in Sociology, third edition, London, Routledge, 1992. HM66 P36 1984. Gerth, Hans and C. Wright